Java中ArrayList和LinkedList的遍历与性能分析

前言

通过本文你可以了解List的五种遍历方式及各自性能和foreach及Iterator的实现，加深对ArrayList和LinkedList实现的了解。下面来一起看看吧。

一、List的五种遍历方式

1、for each循环

List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (Integer j : list) {
 // use j
}

2、显示调用集合迭代器

List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (Iterator<Integer> iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
 iterator.next();
}

或

List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Iterator<Integer> iterator = list.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
 iterator.next();
}

3、下标递增循环，终止条件为每次调用size()函数比较判断

List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int j = 0; j < list.size(); j++) {
 list.get(j);
}

4、下标递增循环，终止条件为和等于size()的临时变量比较判断

List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
int size = list.size();
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
 list.get(j);
}

5、下标递减循环

List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int j = list.size() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
 list.get(j);
}

List五种遍历方式的性能测试及对比

以下是性能测试代码，会输出不同数量级大小的ArrayList和LinkedList各种遍历方式所花费的时间。

package cn.trinea.java.test;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * JavaLoopTest
 * 
 * @author www.trinea.cn 2013-10-28
 */
public class JavaLoopTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  System.out.print("compare loop performance of ArrayList");
  loopListCompare(getArrayLists(10000,100000,1000000,9000000));
  System.out.print("\r\n\r\ncompare loop performance of LinkedList");
  loopListCompare(getLinkedLists(100,1000,10000,100000));
 }
 public static List<Integer>[] getArrayLists(int... sizeArray) {
  List<Integer>[] listArray = new ArrayList[sizeArray.length];
  for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
   int size = sizeArray[i];
   List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
   for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
    list.add(j);
   }
   listArray[i] = list;
  }
  return listArray;
 }
 public static List<Integer>[] getLinkedLists(int... sizeArray) {
  List<Integer>[] listArray = new LinkedList[sizeArray.length];
  for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
   int size = sizeArray[i];
   List<Integer> list = new LinkedList<Integer>();
   for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
    list.add(j);
   }
   listArray[i] = list;
  }
  return listArray;
 }
 public static void loopListCompare(List<Integer>... listArray) {
  printHeader(listArray);
  long startTime,endTime;
  // Type 1
  for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
   List<Integer> list = listArray[i];
   startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
   for (Integer j : list) {
    // use j
   }
   endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
   printCostTime(i,listArray.length,"for each",endTime - startTime);
  }
  // Type 2
  for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
   List<Integer> list = listArray[i];
   startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
   // Iterator<Integer> iterator = list.iterator();
   // while(iterator.hasNext()) {
   // iterator.next();
   // }
   for (Iterator<Integer> iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
    iterator.next();
   }
   endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
   printCostTime(i,"for iterator",endTime - startTime);
  }
  // Type 3
  for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
   List<Integer> list = listArray[i];
   startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
   for (int j = 0; j < list.size(); j++) {
    list.get(j);
   }
   endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
   printCostTime(i,"for list.size()",endTime - startTime);
  }
  // Type 4
  for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
   List<Integer> list = listArray[i];
   startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
   int size = list.size();
   for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
    list.get(j);
   }
   endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
   printCostTime(i,"for size = list.size()",endTime - startTime);
  }
  // Type 5
  for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
   List<Integer> list = listArray[i];
   startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
   for (int j = list.size() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
    list.get(j);
   }
   endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
   printCostTime(i,"for j--",endTime - startTime);
  }
 }
 static int     FIRST_COLUMN_LENGTH = 23,OTHER_COLUMN_LENGTH = 12,TOTAL_COLUMN_LENGTH = 71;
 static final DecimalFormat COMMA_FORMAT  = new DecimalFormat("#,###");
 public static void printHeader(List<Integer>... listArray) {
  printRowDivider();
  for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
   if (i == 0) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder().append("list size");
    while (sb.length() < FIRST_COLUMN_LENGTH) {
     sb.append(" ");
    }
    System.out.print(sb);
   }
   StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder().append("| ").append(COMMA_FORMAT.format(listArray[i].size()));
   while (sb.length() < OTHER_COLUMN_LENGTH) {
    sb.append(" ");
   }
   System.out.print(sb);
  }
  TOTAL_COLUMN_LENGTH = FIRST_COLUMN_LENGTH + OTHER_COLUMN_LENGTH * listArray.length;
  printRowDivider();
 }
 public static void printRowDivider() {
  System.out.println();
  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  while (sb.length() < TOTAL_COLUMN_LENGTH) {
   sb.append("-");
  }
  System.out.println(sb);
 }
 public static void printCostTime(int i,int size,String caseName,long costTime) {
  if (i == 0) {
   StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder().append(caseName);
   while (sb.length() < FIRST_COLUMN_LENGTH) {
    sb.append(" ");
   }
   System.out.print(sb);
  }
  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder().append("| ").append(costTime).append(" ms");
  while (sb.length() < OTHER_COLUMN_LENGTH) {
   sb.append(" ");
  }
  System.out.print(sb);
  if (i == size - 1) {
   printRowDivider();
  }
 }
}

PS：如果运行报异常in thread “main” java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space，请将main函数里面list size的大小减小。

其中getArrayLists函数会返回不同size的ArrayList，getLinkedLists函数会返回不同size的LinkedList。

loopListCompare函数会分别用上面的遍历方式1-5去遍历每一个list数组(包含不同大小list)中的list。

print开头函数为输出辅助函数。

测试环境为Windows7 32位系统 3.2G双核CPU 4G内存，Java 7，Eclipse -Xms512m -Xmx512m

最终测试结果如下：

compare loop performance of ArrayList
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
list size    | 10,000 | 100,000 | 1,000,000 | 10,000 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for each    | 1 ms  | 3 ms  | 14 ms  | 152 ms 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for iterator   | 0 ms  | 1 ms  | 12 ms  | 114 ms 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for list.size()  | 1 ms  | 1 ms  | 13 ms  | 128 ms 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for size = list.size() | 0 ms  | 0 ms  | 6 ms  | 62 ms  
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for j--    | 0 ms  | 1 ms  | 6 ms  | 63 ms  
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
compare loop performance of LinkedList
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
list size    | 100  | 1,000  | 10,000 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for each    | 0 ms  | 1 ms  | 1 ms  | 2 ms  
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for iterator   | 0 ms  | 0 ms  | 0 ms  | 2 ms  
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for list.size()  | 0 ms  | 1 ms  | 73 ms  | 7972 ms 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for size = list.size() | 0 ms  | 0 ms  | 67 ms  | 8216 ms 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for j--    | 0 ms  | 1 ms  | 67 ms  | 8277 ms 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

第一张表为ArrayList对比结果，第二张表为LinkedList对比结果。

表横向为同一遍历方式不同大小list遍历的时间消耗，纵向为同一list不同遍历方式遍历的时间消耗。

PS：由于首次遍历List会稍微多耗时一点，for each的结果稍微有点偏差，将测试代码中的几个Type顺序调换会发现，for each耗时和for iterator接近。

遍历方式性能测试结果分析

1、foreach介绍

foreach是Java SE5.0引入的功能很强的循环结构，for (Integer j : list)应读作for each int in list。